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A Rapid, Confirmatory Test for Body Fluid Identification.

Stephanie T Young1, Joshua R Moore1, Clifton P Bishop1

  • 1Department of Biology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6057, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6057.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|July 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Investigators can now rapidly confirm blood, semen, and saliva at crime scenes using a new portable technique. This method utilizes quantum dot molecular beacons to identify specific body fluids, aiding in faster evidence processing and reducing DNA backlogs.

Keywords:
RNAbloodbody fluid identificationfield testsforensic sciencemolecular beaconquantum dotsalivasemen

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • A significant backlog of DNA evidence exists in the USA, impeding the criminal justice system.
  • Current evidence processing methods, despite improvements, struggle to keep pace with the growing backlog.
  • There is a need for rapid, on-site methods to prescreen crime scene samples for biological fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel technique for the rapid, confirmatory identification of blood, semen, and saliva in forensic samples.
  • To assess the potential portability of the developed technique for at-scene analysis.
  • To address the challenges posed by the DNA evidence backlog in the criminal justice system.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a technique employing quantum dot molecular beacons.
  • Testing for the presence of tissue-specific RNA species unique to blood, semen, and saliva.
  • Validation of the specificity and speed of the molecular beacon assay for forensic body fluid identification.

Main Results:

  • The technique successfully confirmed the presence of blood, semen, and/or saliva in crime scene samples.
  • Multiple samples were processed in under an hour, demonstrating high throughput.
  • The molecular beacons exhibited demonstrated tissue specificity for the target body fluids.
  • The potential for portability, enabling at-scene sample processing, was established.

Conclusions:

  • This quantum dot molecular beacon technique offers a rapid and specific method for identifying key body fluids at crime scenes.
  • The potential portability and speed of this assay can significantly aid in prioritizing evidence for further analysis.
  • The developed method has the potential to alleviate the DNA evidence backlog, thereby accelerating the criminal justice process.