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Quantum Critical Scaling under Periodic Driving.

Salvatore Lorenzo1,2,3, Jamir Marino4, Francesco Plastina5,6

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Universality in phase transitions persists even in a driven quantum Ising model. Critical scaling behavior endures due to resilient low-energy modes, showing robustness out-of-equilibrium.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter theory

Background:

  • Universality is a cornerstone of phase transition theory, describing universal scaling behavior governed by critical exponents.
  • This universality implies that microscopic details become irrelevant near critical points.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the persistence of universal scaling in a one-dimensional quantum Ising model subjected to time-periodic modulation of its transverse magnetic field.
  • To determine if critical phenomena and universal scaling properties are maintained when the system is driven out-of-equilibrium.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a one-dimensional quantum Ising model with a time-sinusoidally modulated transverse magnetic field.
  • Stroboscopic analysis of system properties at discrete time intervals.
  • Calculation of quantities such as concurrence, entanglement entropy, magnetic susceptibility, and fidelity susceptibility.

Main Results:

  • Universal scaling behavior was observed to persist up to a stroboscopic time proportional to the system size.
  • Specific quantities including concurrence, entanglement entropy, and susceptibilities exhibited this enduring scaling.
  • The resilience of low-energy modes to energy absorption was identified as the mechanism underlying the persistent scaling.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates that key features of universality can survive in a driven quantum system.
  • The findings suggest that universal scaling properties are robust even when the system is driven out-of-equilibrium by periodic driving.
  • The research provides insights into the behavior of quantum systems under non-equilibrium conditions, highlighting the role of low-energy modes.