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Report of the 2016-17 Academic Affairs Standing Committee: Entrustable Professional Activities Implementation

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This report links Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) with pharmacy education outcomes and patient care processes. It offers guidance for using EPAs to define entry-level pharmacist skills and suggests implementation strategies for AACP members.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Pharmacist Professional Identity
  • Healthcare Competency Frameworks

Background:

  • The evolving landscape of pharmacy practice necessitates clear definitions of core competencies.
  • Existing frameworks like the Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education 2013 Educational Outcomes (CAPE 2013) and the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) guide pharmacy education and practice.
  • Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) offer a competency-based approach to defining and assessing professional activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and articulate the linkages between EPA statements, CAPE 2013 Educational Outcomes, and the PPCP.
  • To explore how EPA statements can effectively communicate the essential skills defining an entry-level pharmacist.
  • To propose a strategic roadmap for members of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) regarding the implementation of EPA statements.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review and analysis of existing literature and frameworks, including EPA statements, CAPE 2013, and PPCP.
  • Cross-referencing and mapping of competencies and skills across the identified frameworks.
  • Development of a conceptual model illustrating the relationships between the frameworks.
  • Formulation of practical recommendations and a roadmap for AACP members.

Main Results:

  • Established clear linkages demonstrating the alignment between EPAs, CAPE 2013, and PPCP.
  • Identified specific EPA statements that effectively represent core skills crucial for entry-level pharmacists.
  • Outlined a phased approach for AACP members to integrate EPAs into their educational programs and assessment strategies.

Conclusions:

  • EPAs provide a valuable tool for defining and communicating the expected competencies of entry-level pharmacists within the context of established educational outcomes and patient care processes.
  • The proposed roadmap offers a practical framework for AACP members to adopt and implement EPAs, thereby enhancing pharmacy education and professional development.
  • Strengthening the alignment between EPAs, CAPE 2013, and PPCP will contribute to a more cohesive and effective pharmacist identity and patient care delivery.