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Related Concept Videos

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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases
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Susceptibility-induced distortion correction in hyperpolarized echo planar imaging.

Jack J Miller1,2, Angus Z Lau2,3, Damian J Tyler1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|July 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Blip-reversed echo planar imaging corrects image distortions in hyperpolarized cardiac scans. This method improves the overlay of volumetric timecourses with proton images for better in vivo imaging of hyperpolarized compounds.

Keywords:
distortion correctionecho planar imaginghyperpolarized 13 Cmagnetic resonance spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
  • Hyperpolarized Contrast Agents

Background:

  • Echo planar imaging (EPI) is a rapid MRI technique suitable for imaging hyperpolarized compounds in vivo.
  • Image-domain distortions caused by susceptibility and B0 inhomogeneity are significant challenges in cardiac EPI.
  • Accurate spatial localization is crucial for quantitative analysis of hyperpolarized agent kinetics in the heart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of blip-reversed EPI for correcting image-domain distortions in cardiac hyperpolarized MRI.
  • To assess the impact of blip-reversed EPI correction on the spatial accuracy of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate cardiac imaging.
  • To demonstrate the improved overlay of corrected volumetric timecourses with proton reference images.

Main Methods:

  • Cardiac 3D-Spectral-Spatial EPI data of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate were acquired.
  • A deformation field was estimated using SNR-weighted, progressively subsampled, temporally summed images.
  • Blip-reversed EPI data were reconstructed using the estimated deformation field for distortion correction.

Main Results:

  • The proposed blip-reversed EPI reconstruction method successfully corrected for image-domain distortions.
  • Reconstructed volumetric timecourses showed more consistent overlay with proton reference images compared to uncorrected data.
  • The method effectively addressed spatial offsets arising from frequency shifts and B0 inhomogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Blip-reversed EPI offers an effective approach for correcting image-domain distortions in hyperpolarized EPI.
  • This technique enhances the spatial accuracy and reliability of quantitative cardiac hyperpolarized MRI.
  • The proposed method is a valuable tool for in vivo imaging of hyperpolarized compounds, particularly in the heart.