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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

A Guided Materials Screening Approach for Developing Quantitative Sol-gel Derived Protein Microarrays

A Guided Materials Screening Approach for Developing Quantitative Sol-gel Derived Protein Microarrays

Published on: August 26, 2013

Improving FoRe: A New Inlet Design for Filtering Samples through Individual Microarray Spots.

Victoria de Lange¹, Marco Habegger¹, Marco Schmidt¹

¹Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

|July 21, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhances the FoRe array for analyzing dilute samples using immunofiltration and microarrays. Improved sample volume handling increases sensitivity, enabling detection of TNF-α in blood at 18 pM.

Keywords:

FoRe microarray affinity columns immunofiltration nitrocellulose protein microarray vertical flow assay wax printing whole blood

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Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Microfluidics
Assay Development

Background:

Traditional microarrays face challenges with dilute samples and high background noise.
The previously developed FoRe array integrates immunofiltration with microarrays for improved analysis.
Existing flow-through designs have limitations in sample volume and analyte reconcentration.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an improved FoRe array with a novel inlet system for increased sample volume analysis.
To enhance the sensitivity and throughput of microarray-based diagnostics.
To demonstrate the utility of the improved FoRe array for analyzing biological samples like blood.

Main Methods:

Development of a new inlet system for the FoRe array to accommodate larger sample volumes.
Utilizing immunofiltration and densely packed micron test sites for sample analysis.
Implementing a plasma separation technique for blood sample analysis compatible with the microarray.

Main Results:

The enhanced FoRe array successfully increased analyzed sample volume without compromising spot density.
Sensitivity was shown to directly correlate with sample volume, enabling detection of low analyte concentrations.
A limit of detection of 18 pM for TNF-α in blood was achieved using only microliter volumes.

Conclusions:

The improved FoRe array offers a sensitive, high-throughput, and cost-effective solution for analyzing dilute samples.
The new design facilitates the analysis of complex biological fluids like blood, overcoming previous clogging issues.
The FoRe array has broad applicability in research, diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.