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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
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INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN DIGESTIVE DISEASES.

Maria do Carmo Friche Passos1, Joaquim Prado Moraes-Filho2

  • 1Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

Arquivos De Gastroenterologia
|July 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Alterations in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, significantly impact human health. This review explores the gut ecosystem

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Health
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Intestinal microbiota research has advanced significantly with metagenomic studies, transforming understanding of its role in human health and disease.
  • Dysbiosis, or altered microbiota composition/function, impacts immune responses, metabolism, gut permeability, and motility, promoting inflammation.
  • These alterations are linked to diseases including diabetes, obesity, digestive disorders, neurological conditions, autoimmune diseases, and cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile and review existing literature on the formation of the intestinal ecosystem.
  • To examine the impact of the intestinal microbiota on the incidence of various diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review.
  • Synthesis of data on intestinal ecosystem formation and disease associations.

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Main Results:

  • The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host health.
  • Dysbiosis is associated with a wide range of inflammatory, metabolic, and neoplastic diseases.
  • Specific diseases reviewed include obesity, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, IBS, IBD, celiac disease, and digestive neoplasms.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in gastrointestinal microbiota composition and function (dysbiosis) directly affect human health.
  • Dysbiosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory, metabolic, and neoplastic conditions.