Bilirubin enzyme biosensor: potentiality and recent advances towards clinical bioanalysis

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

• Accurate bilirubin detection in human serum is critical for diagnosing severe health conditions like jaundice, hepatitis, and neonatal brain damage.
• Conventional methods for bilirubin determination face limitations, necessitating the development of superior analytical tools.
• Bilirubin oxidase (BOx)-based sensors are emerging as a promising alternative for sensitive and reliable bilirubin analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms of bilirubin detection using various modified electrodes.
• To highlight the role of bilirubin oxidase (BOx) in developing advanced biosensors.
• To explore the application of nanoparticles in enhancing biosensor performance for bilirubin detection.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on bilirubin detection methodologies.
• Analysis of different electrode modifications for biosensor development.
• Investigation of nanoparticle-based electrocatalysis for improved sensor specificity and reproducibility.

Main Results:

• Bilirubin oxidase (BOx)-based sensors demonstrate ultrasensitive bilirubin analysis capabilities.
• Modified electrodes offer diverse mechanisms for bilirubin detection.
• Nanoparticles, including gold and zirconia-coated silica, significantly enhance sensor reproducibility and specificity.

Conclusions:

• Bilirubin oxidase (BOx)-based sensors represent a significant advancement in bilirubin detection technology.
• Nanoparticle integration in biosensors improves the accuracy and reliability of bilirubin measurements.
• These advanced biosensors hold potential for improved clinical diagnostics and treatment monitoring.