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Superior pattern detectors efficiently learn, activate, apply, and update social stereotypes.

David J Lick1, Adam L Alter2, Jonathan B Freeman1

  • 1Department of Psychology, New York University.

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People with superior pattern detection skills efficiently learn and use social stereotypes. These skills make individuals susceptible to updating stereotypes, even with new information.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Individual Differences

Background:

  • Superior cognitive abilities are typically linked to positive life outcomes.
  • However, cognitive skills may also have detrimental social consequences.
  • The relationship between pattern detection and social stereotyping is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between superior pattern detection abilities and stereotyping.
  • To examine how pattern detection influences the learning, application, and updating of social stereotypes.
  • To explore the implications of these findings for understanding individual differences in social cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted six studies employing explicit, implicit, and behavioral measures.
  • Assessed participants' pattern detection skills using various cognitive tasks.
  • Measured stereotyping through self-report, reaction time measures, and behavioral observations.

Main Results:

  • Superior pattern detectors demonstrated enhanced learning and application of social stereotypes.
  • This association was consistent across explicit, implicit, and behavioral stereotyping measures.
  • Individuals with higher pattern detection skills readily updated stereotypes based on new information, showing susceptibility to counterstereotype training.

Conclusions:

  • Pattern detection ability is robustly linked to stereotyping, representing a "dark side" of cognitive skill.
  • Individuals with superior pattern detection function as "naïve empiricists," aligning stereotypes with incoming data.
  • These findings reveal novel influences of individual cognitive aptitudes on social-cognitive processes and stereotype dynamics.