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Updated: Feb 26, 2026
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Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method
Published on: October 27, 2020
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Space Flight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome
Andrew G Lee1,2,3,4,5,6, Thomas H Mader7, C Robert Gibson8
1Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
JAMA Ophthalmology
|July 21, 2017
Summary
Astronauts exhibit unique neuro-ocular responses, termed space flight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), after long space missions. Research is ongoing to understand SANS for future space exploration.
Area of Science:
- Space Medicine
- Neuro-Ophthalmology
- Aerospace Physiology
Background:
- Long-duration space flight presents unique physiological challenges to astronauts.
- Space flight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is a newly identified condition affecting astronauts.
- The exact etiology of SANS remains undetermined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the observed clinical and structural findings associated with SANS.
- To document the occurrence of SANS in astronauts returning from the International Space Station.
- To inform future manned space missions regarding neuro-ocular health.
Main Methods:
- Clinical observation of astronauts post-long-duration space flight.
- Correlation of clinical findings with advanced imaging techniques.
- Utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Main Results:
- Documented SANS findings include optic disc edema, globe flattening, and retinal folds.
- Hyperopic refractive shifts and nerve fiber layer infarcts were observed.
- Structural changes were confirmed via MRI, ultrasound, and OCT.
Conclusions:
- SANS encompasses a spectrum of neuro-ocular changes observed in astronauts.
- Further research into SANS is critical for astronaut health and safety.
- Understanding SANS is essential for planning future long-duration space missions, including lunar and Martian exploration.
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