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Environmental exposures and pediatric kidney function and disease: A systematic review
Laura Y Zheng1, Alison P Sanders2, Jeffrey M Saland3
1Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States.
Environmental Research
|July 21, 2017
Summary
Environmental chemical exposures are linked to pediatric kidney disease. A systematic review found mixed evidence, highlighting the need for more research on these associations.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Environmental chemical exposures are suspected contributors to kidney disease in children.
- No comprehensive review of existing evidence on this topic was available.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review epidemiologic studies on environmental exposures and pediatric kidney outcomes.
- To assess the current evidence linking various environmental factors to kidney function and disease in children.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a systematic review of epidemiologic studies up to July 2016.
- Included studies assessing environmental exposures (e.g., lead, bisphenol A, phthalates) and pediatric kidney disease or function.
- Analyzed 50 studies, with most using biomarkers for exposure assessment.
Main Results:
- Reviewed a range of environmental exposures including heavy metals, pesticides, and plastics.
- Found mixed evidence for associations between metal/non-metal exposures and pediatric kidney disease biomarkers.
- Causality assessment was limited by small study numbers, variable quality, and scarce prospective data.
Conclusions:
- The current evidence on environmental chemical exposures and pediatric kidney disease is inconclusive.
- There is a critical need for high-quality, well-designed epidemiologic studies to clarify these relationships.
- Future research should focus on robust methodologies to establish causal links.
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