Integrating the microbiome as a resource in the forensics toolkit.

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Microbiology
• Genetics

Background:

• DNA fingerprinting revolutionized forensic evidence collection.
• Next-generation sequencing vastly increased available genetic data for forensic applications.
• The human microbiome presents a new source of genetic evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current status of human microbiome research in forensic science.
• To discuss mathematical models for microbiome-based forensic predictions.
• To identify legal and practical challenges for microbiome evidence integration.

Main Methods:

• Review of next-generation sequencing applications in human microbiome analysis.
• Analysis of mathematical models for forensic microbiome data interpretation.
• Discussion of sample processing, statistical power, and legal considerations.

Main Results:

• Human microbiome DNA can uniquely identify individuals and reveal life patterns.
• Microbiome data can indicate body site origin and estimate postmortem intervals.
• Environmental microbiome samples can link individuals to objects or locations.

Conclusions:

• Microbiome analysis holds significant forensic potential but requires methodological standardization.
• Addressing concerns in sample collection, storage, and statistical validity is crucial.
• Further research is needed to overcome legal and practical hurdles for routine forensic application.