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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

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Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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[Polypharmacy - Solutions for Enhanced Drug Safety].

Olaf Krause, Gesine Picksak, Ulrike Junius-Walker

    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
    |July 21, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Polypharmacy, the use of five or more drugs, is common in older adults and can cause adverse events. Simple questions and teamwork between doctors and pharmacists improve medication safety and adherence.

    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Pharmacology
    • Health Services Research

    Background:

    • Polypharmacy (≥5 drugs) is prevalent in older adults, increasing risks of falls, adverse drug events (ADEs), and delirium.
    • Effective medication management and adherence are crucial for this population.
    • General practitioners (GPs) are central to managing older patients' medications and ensuring drug safety.

    Observation:

    • Simple questioning regarding over-the-counter (OTC) medications, drug handling, and omissions can effectively assess adherence.
    • Pharmacist involvement in medication review, following a "two-man rule," enhances problem-solving for drug-related issues.
    • Information technology (IT)-based medication plans facilitate communication and collaboration among healthcare providers.

    Findings:

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  • Proactive questioning and pharmacist collaboration are effective strategies to manage polypharmacy.
  • IT-supported communication tools improve interprofessional teamwork in medication management.
  • Addressing adherence through simple inquiries is a feasible approach in primary care settings.

    • Implications:

    • Interprofessional collaboration, including pharmacists and GPs, is key to improving medication safety in older adults.
    • Utilizing IT for medication management can enhance communication and reduce polypharmacy-related risks.
    • This approach supports better health outcomes and quality of life for elderly patients on multiple medications.