Recent advances in understanding and managing body dysmorphic disorder

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Mental Health

Background:

• Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessive preoccupation with perceived physical flaws.
• Often emerging in adolescence, BDD is frequently underdiagnosed and untreated, leading to significant functional impairment.
• BDD is now classified under 'Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders' in the DSM-5.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in the epidemiology, classification, assessment, and treatment of BDD.
• To summarize current understanding of BDD's causes and mechanisms.
• To identify priorities for future research in BDD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent advances in BDD research.
• Discussion of diagnostic criteria and assessment tools, including screening instruments.
• Summary of evidence-based treatments and their efficacy.

Main Results:

• BDD diagnosis and classification have evolved, with increased recognition of its impact.
• Validated screening and risk assessment are crucial due to high suicidality.
• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressants (SSRIs) are effective treatments, with emerging evidence for adolescents.

Conclusions:

• While CBT and pharmacotherapy improve outcomes for many, residual symptoms persist.
• Further research is needed to refine existing interventions and improve treatment availability.
• Enhanced understanding and treatment of BDD are critical for reducing patient suffering and functional impairment.