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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Dengue in the elderly: a review.

Ray Junhao Lin¹, Tau Hong Lee¹, Yee Sin Leo^1,2,3

¹a Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore.

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy

|July 22, 2017

Summary

Dengue is increasingly affecting adults, especially older individuals who face worse outcomes. Current dengue management and diagnosis need refinement for this vulnerable population.

Keywords:

Dengue clinical presentation diagnosis elderly management

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Measuring Dengue Virus RNA in the Culture Supernatant of Infected Cells by Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: November 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Infectious Diseases
Geriatrics

Background:

Dengue epidemiological trends are shifting, increasing the disease burden in adult populations.
Older adults experience more severe dengue outcomes, posing clinical management challenges.
Dengue in the elderly is understudied, necessitating focused research.

Purpose of the Study:

Review current literature on dengue epidemiology in the elderly.
Highlight atypical clinical features and severe presentations in older adults.
Identify challenges in dengue management for the elderly population.

Main Methods:

Literature review of dengue epidemiology and clinical management in older adults.
Analysis of disease burden shifts and outcome disparities.
Examination of diagnostic and management strategy limitations.

Main Results:

Dengue's impact is growing in the adult population, particularly affecting the elderly.
Older adults present with atypical dengue symptoms and have poorer outcomes.
Current diagnostic criteria and management strategies are inadequate for elderly dengue patients.

Conclusions:

Refining diagnostic criteria is crucial for accurate dengue classification in the elderly.
Management strategies must address comorbidities prevalent in older adults.
Further research on dengue vaccine safety and efficacy in the elderly is urgently required.