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Updated: Feb 26, 2026
Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: August 16, 2019
Individual- and Population-Level Impacts of Traumatic Brain Injury and Maternal Characteristics on Subsequent
Handan Wand1, Melanie Simpson, Eva Malacova
1The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Drs Wand, Simpson, and Butler); Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (Drs Malacova and Preen); School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia (Dr Malacova); Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia (Dr Schofield); School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia (Dr Schofield); and John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School - Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, Australia (Dr Tate).
Objective:
To evaluate the individual- and population-level impact of a combination of factors, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and certain maternal characteristics, on subsequent criminal conviction.
Design And Participants:
A retrospective record linkage study involving a cohort of 30 599 individuals born between 1980 and 1985, with ratio of 1 (with TBI): 3 (no TBI), matched by sex and the year of birth.
Methods And Procedures:
Cox proportional hazard regression models and population attributable risk percentages (PAR%) were used to assess the contribution of TBI and other risk factors on subsequent criminal convictions.
Main Outcomes And Results:
Overall, individuals born to the teenaged mothers (<20 years) have significantly higher proportion of TBI than those born to older mothers (35% vs 22%; P < .001). In the gender-specific analyses, a history of TBI was associated with increased risk for criminal convictions (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-1.60, and aHR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.22-1.73, for men and women, respectively). Maternal characteristics (maternal age, single parent, multiparity) were identified as the greater contributor to the criminal convictions (PAR%: 57% and 67% for men and women, respectively). The combined impact of mental illness, maternal factors, and TBI was estimated to be 67% and 74% (for men and women, respectively); with nonoverlapping 95% CIs for PAR%, these factors were estimated to have had a higher impact among females than among males.
Conclusion:
More than half of the criminal convictions were associated with a relatively small number of risk factors, including poor mental health, low socioeconomic status, and TBI as well as certain maternal characteristics.
