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Related Concept Videos

Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

47.4K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
47.4K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

2.9K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
2.9K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.4K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.4K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

37.5K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
37.5K
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

37.3K
Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
37.3K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

18.4K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
18.4K

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Molecular Entanglement and Electrospinnability of Biopolymers
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Molecular Entanglement and Electrospinnability of Biopolymers

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Specific ion effects in polysaccharide dispersions.

Duccio Tatini1, Filippo Sarri1, Piefrancesco Maltoni1

  • 1Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|July 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated how electrolytes and co-solutes affect guar gum, sodium alginate, and sodium hyaluronate mixtures. Understanding these effects helps control viscosity for eco-friendly fracturing fluids in shale gas extraction.

Keywords:
Guar gumPolysaccharide(s)Sodium hyaluronateSpecific ion effectThermal propertiesViscosity

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Aqueous mixtures of natural polymers like guar gum (GG), sodium alginate (SA), and sodium hyaluronate (SH) are crucial in various industrial applications.
  • Controlling the rheological properties of these biopolymer solutions is essential for their effective use, particularly as fracturing fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of strong electrolytes and neutral co-solutes on the rheological and hydration properties of GG, SA, and SH aqueous mixtures.
  • To understand how these additives influence polymer conformation and network structure.
  • To provide insights for controlling viscosity for applications in green formulations, specifically as fracturing fluids for shale gas extraction.

Main Methods:

  • Rheological measurements to assess viscosity and flow behavior.
  • Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to study thermal properties and hydration changes.
  • Analysis of polymer conformation, network structure, and hydration properties.

Main Results:

  • Electrolytes and co-solutes significantly alter the viscosity and network structure of the biopolymer mixtures.
  • Changes in polymer conformation and hydration levels were observed in response to the additives.
  • The study identified specific effects that can be leveraged to tune the fluid properties.

Conclusions:

  • The addition of electrolytes and co-solutes provides a means to control the viscosity of guar gum, sodium alginate, and sodium hyaluronate mixtures.
  • This control is vital for optimizing their performance as environmentally friendly fracturing fluids in the oil and gas industry.
  • The findings contribute to the development of sustainable green formulations for shale gas extraction.