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Neonatal and Perinatal Infections.

Amira M Khan1, Shaun K Morris2, Zulfiqar A Bhutta3

  • 1Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Suite 11.9805, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|July 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal mortality remains high due to preterm birth and infections. Addressing maternal and infant factors with evidence-based interventions can significantly reduce neonatal infections and deaths.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistanceMaternal healthMaternal infectionNeonatal morbidityNeonatal mortalityNeonatal sepsisYounger-than-5 mortality

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Millennium Development Goal 4 remains unmet due to persistent high neonatal mortality rates.
  • Approximately 2.6 million neonates die annually, with preterm birth and infections as primary causes.
  • Neonatal infections are influenced by maternal health, environmental conditions, and infant factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical issue of neonatal mortality and its impact on global health goals.
  • To identify key factors contributing to neonatal infections.
  • To emphasize the potential of evidence-based interventions in reducing neonatal mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neonatal mortality causes and risk factors.
  • Analysis of data on the impact of maternal infections and environmental factors on neonatal infections.
  • Evaluation of the potential effectiveness of scaling up evidence-based interventions.

Main Results:

  • Preterm birth and infections are the leading causes of neonatal deaths.
  • Maternal infections, environmental, and infant factors play a significant role in neonatal infection acquisition.
  • Evidence-based interventions targeting maternal risk factors could decrease neonatal infections by 84%.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial reductions in neonatal mortality are achievable through targeted interventions.
  • Addressing maternal infections and underlying causes is crucial for preventing neonatal deaths.
  • Emerging infections and antimicrobial resistance pose ongoing public health challenges requiring continuous attention.