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Quantitative Retinal Vascular Changes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Jessica Y Tong1, Mojtaba Golzan1, Dana Georgevsky1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Ophthalmology, Macquarie University, Australia.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|July 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity correlates with narrower retinal arterioles and reduced vascular pulsation. Retinal imaging may serve as a biomarker for vascular risk in OSA patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to systemic vascular complications.
  • Retinal vascular caliber and pulsation are potential indicators of vascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnea severity and both static and dynamic retinal vascular caliber.
  • To explore the potential of retinal vasculature as a biomarker for OSA-related vascular risk.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cross-sectional study involving 115 adult patients undergoing polysomnography.
  • Retinal vascular caliber measured via static (arteriolar diameter, venular diameter, arteriovenous ratio) and dynamic (arteriolar pulsation amplitude, venular pulsation amplitude) parameters.
  • Multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, and mean arterial pressure.

Main Results:

  • Increased apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly associated with decreased arteriovenous ratio (AVR) and central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE).
  • Higher AHI correlated with attenuated retinal arteriolar and venular pulsation amplitudes.
  • These associations were independent of age, BMI, and mean arterial pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing obstructive sleep apnea severity is independently associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing and reduced vascular pulsation.
  • The easily imaged retinal vasculature may serve as a surrogate biomarker for cerebral and systemic vascular risk in OSA patients.
  • Further investigation into retinal vascular changes as a marker for OSA vascular complications is warranted.