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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
Published on: January 17, 2025
Immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers
Patrick Grierson1, Kian-Huat Lim1, Manik Amin1
1Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Abstract:
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers such as gastric, esophageal, pancreas, hepatobiliary, colorectal and anal cancers are a major cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Traditional treatment options such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, monoclonal antibodies and anti-angiogenic agents have been the backbone of treatment of GI cancers in various stages. Current cancer research is moving forward to incorporate immunotherapies in the treatment of GI cancers either as single agent or in combination with current available treatment modalities. This review summarizes the existing and ongoing immunotherapies in the treatment of GI cancers.
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