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Related Concept Videos

Confidence Coefficient01:24

Confidence Coefficient

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The confidence coefficient is also known as the confidence level or degree of confidence. It is the percent expression for the probability, 1-α, that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter assuming that the confidence interval is obtained after sufficient unbiased sampling; for example, if the CL = 90%, then in 90 out of 100 samples the interval estimate will enclose the true population parameter. Here α is the area under the curve, distributed equally under...
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Impact of Individuals on a Group01:25

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In social psychology, the interplay between individuals and groups is a central concern, particularly regarding how individual actions and characteristics influence group processes and outcomes. While much research emphasizes the group's power in shaping individual behavior, it is equally significant to understand how individuals contribute to the functioning, development, and success of groups.Individual Roles in Group Productivity and Decision-MakingIndividuals are not passive participants in...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Weighted Mean00:57

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While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
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When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
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The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
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Individual Confidence-Weighting and Group Decision-Making.

James A R Marshall1, Gavin Brown2, Andrew N Radford3

  • 1Department of Computer Science, and Sheffield Robotics, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 211 Portobello, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|July 26, 2017
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Summary

Animals in groups make better decisions by pooling information, considering individual confidence. This research explores how confidence weighting influences collective decision-making in animal groups, especially cooperative breeders.

Keywords:
collective behaviourconsensus decisionscooperative breedersdecision accuracydrift-diffusion modelvocal communication

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Decision Theory
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Group-living species often pool information for consensus decisions.
  • Theoretical models explain why group decisions can be more reliable than individual ones.
  • Traditional behavioral ecology often assumes equal decision-making abilities within groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply decision theory to collective animal decisions, relaxing the assumption of equal abilities.
  • To explore selective pressures on confidence-weighting in animal groups.
  • To identify species and behaviors demonstrating confidence-weighting.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing relevant decision theory.
  • Applying theory to collective animal decision-making.
  • Considering confidence-weighting in related and unrelated individuals.

Main Results:

  • Decision theory offers a framework for understanding animal group decisions.
  • Confidence-weighting is a crucial factor in collective decision-making.
  • Cooperative breeders with sophisticated vocalizations may show evidence of confidence-weighting.

Conclusions:

  • Confidence-weighting is likely under selective pressure in social animals.
  • Understanding individual confidence enhances models of collective decision-making.
  • Further research on cooperative breeders can illuminate confidence-weighting mechanisms.