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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Action Potentials01:41

Action Potentials

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Overview
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Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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Action Potential01:31

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

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Activity-dependent axonal plasticity in sensory systems.

Nora Jamann1, Merryn Jordan1, Maren Engelhardt1

  • 1Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, CBTM, Heidelberg University, Germany.

Neuroscience
|July 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Neuronal plasticity continues into adulthood, impacting brain circuit formation. This review focuses on axonal plasticity, exploring its role in development and mature brain function.

Keywords:
axon initial segmentaxonal plasticitybarrel cortexboutoncritical period

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • The rodent whisker-to-barrel cortex pathway is a model for studying neuronal circuit development and plasticity.
  • Neuronal activity is crucial for circuit formation and function throughout life, not just during development.
  • Both structural (neurites, synapses) and functional (channels, receptors) plasticity mechanisms exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of axonal plasticity in neuronal circuit formation and function.
  • To highlight the less-understood aspects of axonal plasticity compared to somatodendritic plasticity.
  • To discuss axonal plasticity during development and in the adult brain.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • Focuses on literature concerning axonal plasticity in the whisker-to-barrel cortex pathway.
  • Discusses mechanisms of structural and functional plasticity at the axonal level.

Main Results:

  • Neuronal plasticity, including axonal plasticity, persists into adulthood.
  • Axonal plasticity contributes to circuit formation and function under various conditions.
  • Specific focus on presynaptic sites and electrogenic axonal microdomains like the axon initial segment.

Conclusions:

  • Axonal plasticity plays a significant role in shaping neuronal networks throughout life.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and implications of axonal plasticity.
  • Understanding axonal plasticity is key to comprehending brain development and adaptation.