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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice

Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice

Published on: March 20, 2014

Axon initial segment dynamics during associative fear learning.

Chloé Maëlle Benoit^1,2, Dan Alin Ganea^3,4, Ricardo Paricio-Montesinos¹

¹Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.

Nature Neuroscience

|December 23, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The axon initial segment (AIS) dynamically remodels during fear learning and extinction. This plasticity is vital for memory formation and adapting neuronal excitability.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology

Background:

The axon initial segment (AIS) is critical for neuronal excitability and action potential generation.
AIS structure and function are known to change with neuronal adaptation and in disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamic remodeling of the AIS in vivo during learning and memory processes.
To determine if AIS plasticity plays a role in associative fear learning and extinction.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal two-photon in vivo imaging of the AIS.
Focus on the medial prefrontal cortex of male mice.

Main Results:

Observed dynamic AIS remodeling during associative fear learning.
Documented significant AIS structural changes during fear extinction.

Conclusions:

AIS plasticity is essential for homeostatic adaptation of neuronal excitability.
AIS remodeling is a key feature of memory formation and recall.