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Dark states in quantum systems are not always dissipation-free. Counter-rotating terms cause dark state leakage, even at zero temperature, impacting quantum information and atomic clocks.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum information science
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Dark states are crucial for quantum information and atomic clocks.
  • Traditionally, dark states in Λ-type systems are considered dissipation-free under the rotating-wave approximation (RWA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the non-Markovian quantum dynamics of dark states in a Λ-type three-level system.
  • Analyze the impact of counter-rotating terms in system-environment interactions on dark state properties.

Main Methods:

  • Studied a Λ-type three-level system coupled to two bosonic baths.
  • Incorporated counter-rotating terms, going beyond the standard rotating-wave approximation (RWA).
  • Analyzed non-Markovian quantum dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Revealed that counter-rotating terms lead to dark state leakage, even at zero temperature.
  • Demonstrated that the dark state is not dissipation-free when counter-rotating terms are considered.
  • Identified leakage as a consequence of system-environment interactions beyond RWA.

Conclusions:

  • The rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is insufficient for describing dark state dynamics in certain quantum systems.
  • Counter-rotating terms are essential for accurately modeling dark state behavior and its potential leakage.
  • A method using a leakage elimination operator can restore quantum coherence to the dark state.