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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

4.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
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Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Overview
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
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Epigenomic Consequences of Coding and Noncoding Driver Mutations.

Xiaosai Yao1, Manjie Xing2, Wen Fong Ooi1

  • 1Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore.

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Cancer involves changes in chromatin structure, including mutations in related genes and DNA methylation. This review covers how these alterations drive cancer and their potential for new therapies.

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Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chromatin alterations are fundamental to cancer development, evidenced by frequent mutations in chromatin-modifier genes.
  • Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are observed across various cancer types, highlighting their pathogenic role.
  • Recent advances reveal noncoding genetic alterations impacting the cancer epigenome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on coding and noncoding cancer drivers.
  • To elucidate the mechanistic contribution of chromatin alterations to tissue-specific tumorigenesis.
  • To discuss the translational implications for developing novel cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cancer driver genes and chromatin modifications.
  • Analysis of genome-wide profiling data for histone modifications.
  • Integration of findings on genetic alterations and their impact on the chromatin landscape.

Main Results:

  • Chromatin alterations, including mutations and epigenetic changes, are key drivers of cancer.
  • Both coding and noncoding genetic alterations significantly impact the chromatin landscape.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into tissue-specific tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin modifications and genetic drivers play a critical role in cancer pathogenesis.
  • The study of chromatin alterations offers promising avenues for novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into coding and noncoding drivers will refine our understanding of cancer biology.