Molecular Mechanisms and Nutritional Modulation in Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Muscle Biology
• Molecular Pathogenesis

Background:

• Sarcopenia is a progressive muscle disorder with significant health consequences.
• The molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are not fully understood, limiting effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular pathogenesis of sarcopenia.
• To explore emerging therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current research on sarcopenia.
• Examination of evidence linking molecular pathways to sarcopenia.
• Discussion of omics technologies for endotyping.

Main Results:

• Key factors include anabolic resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuromuscular instability, and chronic inflammation.
• Nutritional and exercise interventions show limitations in fully restoring function.
• Biological heterogeneity necessitates a move towards stratified, mechanism-based therapies.

Conclusions:

• Understanding sarcopenia's molecular basis is crucial for developing targeted treatments.
• Omics technologies can define molecular endotypes for precision management.
• Stratified, mechanism-based therapies are essential for effective sarcopenia management.