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American cutaneous leishmaniasis in infancy and childhood

Alberto E Paniz-Mondolfi1,2, Carolina Talhari3, María F García Bustos4

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine/Infectious Diseases Pathology Laboratory, Hospital Internacional, Barquisimeto, Venezuela.

International Journal of Dermatology
|July 26, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common tropical skin disease affecting infants and children. This review details its clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects for pediatricians managing this parasitic infection.

Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Pediatric dermatology
  • Infectious diseases

Background:

  • Infant and young child skin diseases are prevalent in tropical regions.
  • The skin's direct environmental exposure makes it susceptible to climatic factors, vectors, and microorganisms, exemplified by leishmaniasis.
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis in children in the Americas is a significant concern, with potential for peri- and intradomiciliary transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children.
  • To consolidate key information on clinical, physiopathological, epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects.
  • To serve as a practical reference for pediatricians dealing with tropical cutaneous pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cutaneous leishmaniasis in infants and young children.
  • Synthesis of information covering clinical presentation, disease mechanisms, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Emphasis on epidemiological data relevant to the Americas.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis presents a notable morbidity in young populations in tropical areas.
  • Increased exposure risk in children is linked to domestic transmission patterns.
  • A multi-faceted approach is required for effective management, encompassing various stages of the disease.

Conclusions:

  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a significant pediatric dermatological challenge in the tropics.
  • Understanding transmission dynamics, particularly peri- and intradomiciliary routes, is crucial for prevention and control.
  • This review offers essential knowledge for pediatricians to effectively diagnose and manage this parasitic skin disease.

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