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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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When epigenetics meets bioengineering-A material characteristics and surface topography perspective.

Lena Larsson1,2, Sophia P Pilipchuk3, William V Giannobile1,3

  • 1Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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|July 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TE/RM) are influenced by epigenetic changes. Material properties and topography affect gene expression, impacting cell regeneration.

Keywords:
epigeneticsmaterial energyregenerative medicinesurface topographytissue engineeringtitanium

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Epigenetics
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TE/RM) utilize implantable biomaterials for tissue and organ regeneration.
  • Epigenetics involves changes in gene expression not encoded in DNA, affecting chromatin remodeling and gene activity.
  • Emerging research indicates that mechanical and topographical signals, in addition to biological cues, influence epigenetic modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on emerging TE/RM approaches.
  • To focus on the impact of biomaterial properties and topography on cellular epigenetic expression.
  • To explore the potential of these interactions in modulating regenerative biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies in TE/RM.
  • Analysis of research focusing on material science and topographical effects on epigenetics.
  • Synthesis of findings related to epigenetic modulation in regenerative processes.

Main Results:

  • Biomaterial characteristics and surface topography significantly influence cellular epigenetic patterns.
  • These material-driven epigenetic changes have a demonstrable impact on cell behavior and regenerative potential.
  • The interplay between materials, topography, and epigenetics offers novel strategies for TE/RM.

Conclusions:

  • Material properties and surface topography are critical factors in directing epigenetic responses within TE/RM.
  • Understanding and manipulating these factors can enhance regenerative outcomes.
  • This review highlights the growing importance of epigenetics in the design of advanced biomaterials for regenerative medicine.