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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Functional Defecation Disorders in Children
Sophie Kuizenga-Wessel1, Ilan J N Koppen1, Mana H Vriesman1
1Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 10.3% of children with functional defecation disorders (FDDs). Furthermore, 22.7% of children with ADHD also have FDDs, indicating a significant overlap between these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Child Psychiatry
- Behavioral Pediatrics
Background:
- Functional defecation disorders (FDDs) are common in children.
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Comorbidities between FDDs and ADHD are not well-established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of ADHD in children with FDDs.
- To determine the prevalence of FDDs in children with ADHD.
- To investigate the co-occurrence of urinary incontinence in children with both conditions.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted between September 2014 and May 2016.
- Group 1: Children with FDDs (n=282) completed behavioral checklists; those with ADHD scores were referred for psychiatric evaluation.
- Group 2: Children with ADHD (n=198) completed a questionnaire on defecation patterns.
Main Results:
- 10.3% of children with FDDs were diagnosed with ADHD.
- 22.7% of children with ADHD met the criteria for FDDs.
- Children with both FDDs and ADHD reported significantly higher rates of urinary incontinence (57.1%) compared to those with only one condition.
Conclusions:
- A significant overlap exists between FDDs and ADHD in pediatric populations.
- Screening for ADHD in children with FDDs and for FDDs in children with ADHD is recommended.
- The high rate of urinary incontinence in comorbid cases warrants further investigation.
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