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Related Concept Videos

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

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The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

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The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
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Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

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The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
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Hybrid Clear/Blue Native Electrophoresis for the Separation and Analysis of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes
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Respiratory chain supercomplexes: Structures, function and biogenesis.

Teresa Lobo-Jarne1, Cristina Ugalde2

  • 1Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28041, Spain.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|July 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes form supercomplexes, crucial for function. Understanding their assembly and regulation is key to treating mitochondrial disorders.

Keywords:
Assembly factorsRespirasomeRespiratory chain functionSupercomplexes

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes are well-characterized individually.
  • These complexes interact to form higher-order structures: supercomplexes and respirasomes.
  • The regulation and biogenesis of these supramolecular assemblies are active research areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the structure, biogenesis, and function of respiratory chain supercomplexes.
  • To highlight the role of assembly factors in supercomplex formation.
  • To emphasize the implications of supercomplexes in mitochondrial diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating structural, biochemical, and genetic data.
  • Analysis of findings across diverse biological systems.
  • Focus on recent advances in understanding supramolecular organization.

Main Results:

  • Respiratory chain complexes form functional supercomplexes and respirasomes.
  • Assembly factors play critical roles in organizing these structures.
  • Dysregulation of these pathways is linked to severe mitochondrial disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial respiratory chain function is regulated at multiple levels of complexity.
  • Supercomplex organization is vital for cellular energy production.
  • Further research into supercomplexes offers therapeutic potential for mitochondrial diseases.