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Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes

A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes

Published on: January 16, 2015

Urine Exosome Isolation and Characterization.

Jonathan M Street¹, Erik H Koritzinsky¹, Deonna M Glispie¹

¹Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, Room 3N108, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|July 28, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary exosomes, tiny vesicles from kidney cells, contain biomarkers for detecting kidney toxicity. Their isolation and analysis offer insights into kidney response to harmful substances.

Keywords:

Biomarker Exosomes Nanosight Nephrotoxicity TSG101 Ultracentrifugation Urine

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Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes

A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes

Published on: January 16, 2015

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

Published on: January 9, 2012

Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile

Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile

Published on: June 13, 2016

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

Background:

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles released by kidney cells.
Urinary exosomes contain potential biomarkers like proteins and microRNAs.
These biomarkers can indicate kidney response to toxic exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the utility of urinary exosomes as biomarkers for nephrotoxicity.
To review methods for exosome isolation and analysis.

Main Methods:

Exosome isolation primarily uses ultracentrifugation.
Nanosight Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis quantifies exosome concentration.
Western blots and RT-qPCR analyze exosomal protein and microRNA content.

Main Results:

Urinary exosome populations reflect kidney epithelial cell contributions.
Exosomal biomarker levels can change in response to nephrotoxicants.
Different ultracentrifugation steps yield preparations suitable for distinct analyses.

Conclusions:

Urinary exosomes are promising tools for non-invasive detection of nephrotoxicity.
Standardized isolation and analysis methods are crucial for biomarker discovery.
Further research can refine exosome-based diagnostics for kidney injury.