Nanoparticle-Based Immunochemical Biosensors and Assays: Recent Advances and Challenges
Zdeněk Farka1, Tomáš Juřík1, David Kovář1
1Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and §Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Chemical Reviews
|July 29, 2017
Summary
Recent advancements in nanoparticle-enhanced immunochemical biosensors (immunosensors) significantly boost sensitivity. This review covers optical and electrochemical methods, diverse nanoparticles, and applications in clinical, environmental, and food safety analyses.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology and Biosensor Development
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Antibodies are established as key recognition elements in biosensors.
- Nanoparticles offer enhanced sensitivity and novel transduction capabilities.
- Immunosensors integrate antibodies with various detection platforms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent five-year progress in nanoparticle-enhanced immunosensors.
- To explore optical and electrochemical sensing strategies.
- To summarize diverse nanoparticle types and their applications.
Main Methods:
- Review of optical sensing: fluorescence, luminescence, surface plasmon resonance.
- Review of electrochemical sensing: amperometry, voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, electrochemiluminescence.
- Integration of nanoparticles: metallic, metal oxides, carbon-based, quantum dots, up-converting particles.
Main Results:
- Nanoparticle integration significantly enhances immunosensor sensitivity.
- Diverse nanoparticle types (e.g., quantum dots, graphene) offer versatile options.
- Combined optical and electrochemical methods provide robust detection.
Conclusions:
- Nanoimmunosensors offer extreme variability for enhanced detection.
- Applications span clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety.
- Continued development promises further improvements in sensitivity and specificity.
