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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Soft matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • The glass transition is a fundamental challenge in condensed matter physics.
  • A key insight is the concept of a nonequilibrium phase transition in trajectory space.
  • This transition involves phase coexistence between supercooled liquid (active) and glassy (inactive) states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide experimental evidence for the nonequilibrium phase transition in trajectory space.
  • To investigate the role of locally favored structures (LFSs) in this transition.
  • To characterize the nature of the transition in colloidal hard spheres.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation in colloidal hard spheres.
  • Analysis of trajectory distributions, specifically non-Gaussian behavior.
  • Application of trajectory reweighting techniques.

Main Results:

  • Observed non-Gaussian trajectory distributions in colloidal hard spheres, indicating a shift towards locally favored structures (LFSs).
  • Interpreted these findings as evidence for a nonequilibrium transition to an inactive, LFS-rich phase.
  • Demonstrated a first-order phase transition in trajectory space between liquid and LFS-rich phases using trajectory reweighting.
  • Identified evidence for a purely dynamical transition in trajectory space.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides experimental validation for a nonequilibrium phase transition in trajectory space.
  • Locally favored structures (LFSs) play a crucial role in the emergence of glassy dynamics.
  • The findings offer new perspectives on the nature of the glass transition and phase coexistence in disordered systems.