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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
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Motor subtype changes in early Parkinson's disease.

Robert S Eisinger1, Christopher W Hess2, Daniel Martinez-Ramirez3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, 3450 Hull Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, United States.

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|July 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease (PD) motor subtypes can change over time. While many patients remain consistent, a significant trend shows a shift away from the Tremor Dominant (TD) subtype as the disease progresses.

Keywords:
ClusteringParkinson's diseaseSubtypes

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Distinct motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) are recognized but their evolution during disease progression is not well understood.
  • Understanding subtype dynamics is crucial for accurate PD phenotyping and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify motor subtypes in Parkinson's disease using unsupervised clustering.
  • To evaluate how these motor subtypes change over the course of the disease with increasing duration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database (423 newly diagnosed PD patients).
  • Employed a data-driven, hierarchical correlational clustering approach to identify motor subtypes.
  • Assessed subtype changes over time using qualitative and quantitative methods.

Main Results:

  • Identified five distinct motor subtypes: Tremor Dominant (TD), Axial Dominant, Appendicular Dominant, Rigidity Dominant, and Postural and Instability Gait Disorder Dominant.
  • Approximately half of patients maintained consistent subtypes throughout the study period.
  • A significant trend (p < 0.001) indicated a shift away from the TD subtype with increased disease duration.

Conclusions:

  • Motor subtype classification in Parkinson's disease is dynamic and can change as the disease progresses.
  • These shifting subtypes should be considered in clinical practice and clinical trial designs for Parkinson's disease.