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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Cognitive conflict increases processing of negative, task-irrelevant stimuli.

Tomasz S Ligeza1, Miroslaw Wyczesany1

  • 1Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30060 Kraków, Poland.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|August 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive conflict enhances the processing of negative, but not neutral, irrelevant images. This effect is mediated by increased connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to attention and perception areas.

Keywords:
AttentionCognitive conflictConnectivityFlanker taskLPPTask-irrelevant stimuli

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Executive Functions

Background:

  • Cognitive conflict detection typically adjusts executive control.
  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) modulates processing of task-relevant stimuli during conflict.
  • The impact of cognitive conflict on task-irrelevant stimuli processing remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cognitive conflict influences the processing of neutral and negative task-irrelevant pictures.
  • To explore the role of the DLPFC in modulating irrelevant stimuli processing after cognitive conflict.

Main Methods:

  • Modified flanker task with congruent and incongruent trials.
  • Presentation of neutral or negative task-irrelevant pictures post-trial.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the late positive potential (LPP).
  • Functional connectivity analysis between DLPFC and other brain regions.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive conflict significantly increased LPP for negative pictures, indicating enhanced processing.
  • LPP for neutral pictures remained unaffected by cognitive conflict.
  • Increased information flow from DLPFC to attentional and perceptual regions was observed after conflict trials.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive conflict selectively enhances the processing of biologically salient (negative) task-irrelevant stimuli.
  • The DLPFC plays a crucial role in exerting cognitive control over attentional and perceptual networks, influencing irrelevant stimuli processing.