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A Solar Position Sensor Based on Image Vision.

Adolfo Ruelas1, Nicolás Velázquez2, Carlos Villa-Angulo3

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A new visual sensor accurately measures solar tracking errors, improving solar collector performance. This system achieves high precision for evaluating solar tracking systems and enhancing photovoltaic installations.

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Area of Science:

  • Renewable Energy Engineering
  • Optical Sensing Technologies
  • Control Systems

Background:

  • Solar collector efficiency depends on precise Sun tracking.
  • Existing solar tracking systems require accurate evaluation methods.
  • Current methods for measuring solar tracking accuracy can be challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, construct, and characterize a novel visual sensor for solar tracking.
  • To provide a reference tool for evaluating solar tracking system accuracy.
  • To enable precise measurement of relative azimuth error and height for solar surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a microcontroller, real-time clock, inertial measurement sensors, geolocation, and a vision sensor.
  • Development of a system to determine the angle of incidence of sunrays.
  • Characterization of sensor accuracy and uncertainty for Sun position and focus error measurement.

Main Results:

  • The developed sensor achieved a measurement accuracy of 0.0426° for Sun position and focus error.
  • The sensor demonstrated an uncertainty of 0.986%, with potential for sub-0.01° accuracy.
  • Validation confirmed the sensor's ability to detect focus errors in commercial solar trackers like the Kipp & Zonen SOLYS 2.

Conclusions:

  • The vision-based solar tracking sensor meets Sun detection requirements for accuracy.
  • The sensor is suitable for evaluating solar tracking systems and as a tool for photovoltaic installations.
  • This technology enhances the performance and reliability of solar energy capture systems.