Surgical treatment of large and giant cavernous carotid aneurysms

Cavernous carotid aneurysms (CCAs) are uncommon pathologic entities. Extradural place and the skull base location make this type of an aneurysm different in clinical features and treatment techniques. Direct aneurysm clipping is technically difficult and results in a significant postoperative neurological deficit. Therefore, several techniques of indirect surgical treatment were developed with different surgical outcomes, such as proximal occlusion of internal carotid artery (ICA) or trapping with or without bypass (superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass or high-flow bypass). High-flow bypass with proximal ICA occlusion seems to be the most appropriate surgical treatment for CCA because of the high rate of symptom improvement, aneurysm thrombosis, and minimal postoperative complications. However, in cases of CCA presented with direct carotid-cavernous fistula, the appropriate surgical treatment is high-flow bypass with aneurysm trapping, which the fistula can be obliterated immediately after surgery.