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Physiological and pathophysiological aspects of somatostatin
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement
|January 1, 1986
Summary
Somatostatin, a hormone from D-cells, regulates nutrient digestion and metabolism. Its release is influenced by food intake and other hormones, playing a key role in inhibiting gastrointestinal functions.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Gastroenterology
- Metabolism
Background:
- Somatostatin is produced by D-cells in organs crucial for nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism.
- D-cells release somatostatin via paracrine and endocrine actions.
- Somatostatin exerts inhibitory effects on various gastrointestinal and pancreatic functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the regulation of somatostatin release.
- To understand the physiological actions of somatostatin.
- To investigate the role of somatostatin in obesity.
Main Methods:
- Observational studies in dogs and humans.
- Analysis of plasma somatostatin levels post-nutrient ingestion.
- Investigation of hormonal and neural influences on somatostatin release.
Main Results:
- Nutrient ingestion, particularly protein, significantly increases plasma somatostatin levels.
- Acidification, vagal, cholinergic, adrenergic, gut hormone, and opioid mechanisms influence somatostatin release in a species-dependent manner.
- Insulin inhibits, while glucagon stimulates somatostatin release; elevated glucose reduces the somatostatin response.
Conclusions:
- Somatostatin plays a vital role in modulating gastrointestinal and pancreatic functions, preventing exaggerated responses.
- Alterations in somatostatin levels are observed in obesity, suggesting a potential pathogenic role for somatostatin deficiency.
- Hyposomatostatinaemia may contribute to nutrient assimilation.