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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

278
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
278
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

321
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
321
Aging01:26

Aging

894
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
894
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

761
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
761
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

267
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
267
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

298
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
298

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
06:52

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit

Published on: September 30, 2020

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Acute geriatrics at the front door.

Simon Conroy1, Stuart Parker2

  • 1Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK spc3@le.ac.uk.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|August 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) improves outcomes for older adults with frailty. All clinicians must deliver CGA, requiring developed competencies and rigorous outcome measurement for effective care.

Keywords:
Acute carecomprehensive geriatric assessmentfrailty

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Health Services Research
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Older adults with frailty are significant users of health and social care services.
  • Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a proven method to enhance patient and service outcomes.
  • The current geriatrician workforce is insufficient to meet the demand for CGA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for the widespread adoption of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) by all healthcare professionals.
  • To emphasize the need for developing specific competencies for delivering CGA.
  • To highlight the necessity of rigorous measurement and improvement of CGA delivery.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a conceptual review and advocacy piece, not presenting original empirical data.
  • It synthesizes existing evidence on the benefits of CGA.
  • It outlines the requirements for broader implementation of CGA.

Main Results:

  • Widespread engagement of all clinicians (doctors, nurses, therapists) is essential for delivering CGA.
  • Development and integration of specific competencies are crucial for effective CGA.
  • Rigorous monitoring and quality improvement initiatives are needed for the CGA care pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Expanding the delivery of CGA beyond geriatricians to all clinicians is vital.
  • Standardized competencies and robust performance metrics are necessary to optimize CGA.
  • Treating CGA delivery with the same rigor as other public health campaigns is recommended.