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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

41.8K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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23.4K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.5K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.5K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

4.0K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
4.0K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.9K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.9K

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Covalent Attachment of Single Molecules for AFM-based Force Spectroscopy
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Surface functionalisation of polymers.

Dardan Hetemi1, Jean Pinson

  • 1Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris Cedex 13, France. jean.pinson@univ-paris-diderot.fr.

Chemical Society Reviews
|August 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface functionalization of polymers is crucial for advanced applications like sensors and biomedical devices. This review covers diverse methods, including plasma, UV, and grafting techniques, to modify polymer surfaces and nanoparticles.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymer surface functionalization is essential for tailoring material properties for specific applications.
  • Modifications impart new surface characteristics distinct from the bulk polymer.
  • Applications span sensors, composites, membranes, microfluidics, and biomedical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of diverse polymer surface functionalization methods.
  • To explain the underlying principles of various modification techniques.
  • To showcase the potential applications and possibilities offered by surface modification.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma and UV irradiation
  • Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
  • Electrochemistry, oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis
  • Radical-mediated grafting ('on' or 'from' polymers)

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of principles for each functionalization method.
  • Numerous examples illustrating the capabilities and applications of each technique.
  • Specific focus on the surface modification of polymeric nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • A wide array of methods exists for polymer surface functionalization.
  • These techniques enable precise control over surface properties for advanced applications.
  • The review serves as a guide to selecting appropriate methods for polymer modification.