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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Scuba in older-aged divers.

Michael B Strauss1,2, Jeremy A Busch3, Stuart S Miller4,5

  • 1Medical Director, Retired Hyperbaric Medicine Program, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, California U.S.

Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc
|August 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults can continue scuba diving by assessing physiological age, fitness, and health conditions. Key factors like fitness, comorbidities, and strength are crucial for safe participation in underwater activities.

Keywords:
adherenceinjury preventionpre-dive checklistsrecreationscuba diving

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Diving Medicine
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Aging population necessitates reevaluation of activity appropriateness.
  • Increased health consciousness and desire for active lifestyles in older adults.
  • Fitness is recognized as a key determinant for participation in activities typically suited for younger individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine appropriate activities for older scuba divers.
  • To highlight the importance of physiological age over chronological age.
  • To identify fundamental factors for older adults' participation in scuba diving.

Main Methods:

  • Review of factors influencing activity participation in older adults.
  • Emphasis on the distinction between chronological and physiological age.
  • Identification of key assessment criteria for scuba diving suitability.

Main Results:

  • Fitness, comorbidities, and mobility/strength are critical for older adults' activity decisions.
  • Physiological age is a more relevant metric than chronological age for assessing fitness for activities.
  • There are limits to participation, and knowing when to stop is important.

Conclusions:

  • Scuba diving can be appropriate for older adults when physiological age, fitness, and health are considered.
  • A comprehensive assessment of fitness, comorbidities, and physical capabilities is essential.
  • Prudent decision-making regarding the cessation of diving activities is advised for safety.