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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Volume of Distribution01:20

Volume of Distribution

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The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter representing the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses. It is calculated based on the total amount of drug in the body (estimated from the administered dose and bioavailability) divided by the plasma drug concentration. The total amount of drug in the body does not directly refer to the dose given but is derived by accounting for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes.
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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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The Big Vitamin D Mistake.

Dimitrios T Papadimitriou1,2

  • 1Third Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.

Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health = Yebang Uihakhoe Chi
|August 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D fortification of milk in Finland correlated with decreased type 1 diabetes. New research suggests higher vitamin D intake is needed to prevent mortality and support immunity, recommending increased RDAs.

Keywords:
Institute of MedicineRecommended dietary allowanceType 1 diabetesVitamin D deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes in Finland has decreased since 2006 following milk fortification with vitamin D (cholecalciferol).
  • Vitamin D plays a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Recent analyses reveal statistical errors in previous vitamin D Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) estimations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the RDA for vitamin D based on updated scientific findings.
  • To assess the relationship between vitamin D levels and all-cause mortality.
  • To propose revised vitamin D intake recommendations for public health.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical re-analysis of data used for the Institute of Medicine's vitamin D RDA.
  • Meta-analysis of studies published between 1966 and 2013 on vitamin D levels and mortality.
  • Review of Endocrine Society Expert Committee recommendations for safe upper tolerable daily intake doses.

Main Results:

  • Corrected analysis indicates significantly higher vitamin D intake (e.g., 8895 IU/d) is needed to achieve target serum levels (≥50 nmol/L).
  • Levels below 75 nmol/L of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with increased all-cause mortality, challenging the U-shape curve hypothesis.
  • Serum vitamin D levels of 100 nmol/L are linked to a normalized all-disease mortality risk (1.0).

Conclusions:

  • Existing vitamin D RDAs may be insufficient to ensure optimal health and reduce mortality.
  • Public health authorities should consider significantly increasing vitamin D recommendations, potentially aligning with higher safe intake levels.
  • Urgent action is needed globally to address widespread vitamin D deficiency and its health consequences.