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Human tissue models in cancer research: looking beyond the mouse
Samuel J Jackson1, Gareth J Thomas2
1National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK Sam.Jackson@nc3rs.org.uk.
Abstract:
Mouse models, including patient-derived xenograft mice, are widely used to address questions in cancer research. However, there are documented flaws in these models that can result in the misrepresentation of human tumour biology and limit the suitability of the model for translational research. A coordinated effort to promote the more widespread development and use of 'non-animal human tissue' models could provide a clinically relevant platform for many cancer studies, maximising the opportunities presented by human tissue resources such as biobanks. A number of key factors limit the wide adoption of non-animal human tissue models in cancer research, including deficiencies in the infrastructure and the technical tools required to collect, transport, store and maintain human tissue for lab use. Another obstacle is the long-standing cultural reliance on animal models, which can make researchers resistant to change, often because of concerns about historical data compatibility and losing ground in a competitive environment while new approaches are embedded in lab practice. There are a wide range of initiatives that aim to address these issues by facilitating data sharing and promoting collaborations between organisations and researchers who work with human tissue. The importance of coordinating biobanks and introducing quality standards is gaining momentum. There is an exciting opportunity to transform cancer drug discovery by optimising the use of human tissue and reducing the reliance on potentially less predictive animal models.
Insights
Non-animal human tissue models offer a clinically relevant platform for cancer research, overcoming limitations of traditional animal models. Optimizing human tissue use can transform drug discovery and improve translational research outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Translational Research
- Biomedical Science
Background:
- Mouse models, including patient-derived xenografts, are standard in cancer research but exhibit flaws misrepresenting human tumor biology.
- These limitations hinder the translational value of animal models for clinical applications.
- Current research faces challenges in accurately modeling human cancer due to inherent differences between species.
Discussion:
- Non-animal human tissue models present a clinically relevant alternative, maximizing the utility of human tissue resources like biobanks.
- Barriers to adoption include inadequate infrastructure for tissue handling and a cultural reliance on established animal models.
- Overcoming these obstacles requires addressing data compatibility concerns and fostering a shift towards innovative research methodologies.
Key Insights:
- Developing and utilizing non-animal human tissue models can provide a more accurate platform for cancer studies.
- Addressing infrastructure deficits and promoting collaborative initiatives are crucial for the widespread adoption of these models.
- Standardizing biobanking practices and quality control are essential for reliable human tissue research.
Outlook:
- Coordinated efforts in data sharing and collaboration can accelerate the development and implementation of human tissue models.
- Integrating these models into research practices promises to enhance cancer drug discovery pipelines.
- Reducing dependence on potentially less predictive animal models will improve the efficiency and success rate of translational cancer research.
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