IMMUNOPHENOTYPING OF ACUTE LEUKAEMIAS : A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF 35 CASES

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Immunology
• Oncology

Background:

• Accurate classification of acute leukaemias is critical for effective patient management.
• Monoclonal antibodies are established tools for diagnosing and subtyping leukaemias.
• Distinguishing between acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a key diagnostic challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the utility of monoclonal antibodies in classifying acute leukaemias.
• To differentiate between AML and ALL using immunophenotyping.
• To assess prognostic indicators within ALL subtypes.

Main Methods:

• Immunophenotyping of leukaemic cells was performed using alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) techniques.
• A panel of monoclonal antibodies was employed for cell surface marker analysis.
• Correlation of immunophenotypic findings with clinical outcomes was assessed.

Main Results:

• Monoclonal antibodies proved highly effective in distinguishing AML from ALL.
• Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cases positive for CD10 demonstrated a more favorable prognosis.
• T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was identified as an uncommon subtype associated with an unfavorable prognosis.

Conclusions:

• The APAAP technique is a reliable and convenient method for immunophenotyping leukaemias.
• Monoclonal antibody-based immunophenotyping is crucial for accurate acute leukaemia classification and prognostication.
• Identifying specific immunophenotypic markers aids in predicting patient outcomes in acute leukaemias.