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Are allocentric spatial reference frames compatible with theories of Enactivism?

Sabine U König1, Caspar Goeke2, Tobias Meilinger3

  • 1Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090, Osnabrück, Germany. sabkoeni@uos.de.

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Enactivism theories suggest cognition is action-oriented. This study found spatial navigation knowledge for houses is learned via action, supporting enactive cognition, while street orientation relies more on absolute reference frames.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Enactivism proposes an action-oriented framework for understanding human cognition.
  • Empirical evidence supporting enactivist theories, particularly in spatial navigation, remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if spatial navigation using allocentric reference frames aligns with an action-oriented approach.
  • To explore how humans encode and retrieve spatial information about houses and streets.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using pointing tasks to assess knowledge of absolute and relative orientation, and location.
  • Stimuli included houses and streets, with varying time pressures to differentiate cognitive reasoning strategies.

Main Results:

  • Under time pressure, relative house orientation was more accurate than absolute house orientation.
  • With unlimited time, absolute house orientation performance improved significantly.
  • Street orientation under time pressure favored absolute orientation.
  • Pointing between houses yielded the highest performance.

Conclusions:

  • House orientation and location are primarily encoded through inter-house relationships, supporting an action-oriented learning process.
  • Street orientation information is preferentially coded in absolute terms.
  • Spatial information processing differs between houses and streets, aligning with enactive cognition principles for house-related spatial memory.