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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells
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Stabilizing human regulatory T cells for tolerance inducing immunotherapy.

Xuehui He1,2, Hans Jpm Koenen1, Jeroen Hr Slaats1

  • 1Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Immunotherapy
|August 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for immune balance but can become unstable. This review explores Treg stability mechanisms and strategies to stabilize them for immunotherapy.

Keywords:
FOXP3autoimmune diseaseheterogeneityimmunotherapyregulatory T cellsstability

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Cellular Immunology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases arise from an imbalance between autoreactive immune cells and suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg).
  • Boosting Treg function is a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune conditions.
  • Treg cells can lose stability, particularly in inflammatory environments, potentially transforming into pro-inflammatory cells, which complicates Treg-based therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define regulatory T cell (Treg) stability.
  • To elucidate molecular mechanisms governing FOXP3 expression and Treg stability.
  • To review current strategies for stabilizing human Treg for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Treg stability.
  • Discussion of molecular mechanisms underlying Treg stability.
  • Analysis of current clinical strategies for Treg stabilization.

Main Results:

  • Treg stability is a critical factor in their function and therapeutic potential.
  • Molecular pathways controlling FOXP3 expression are key to Treg stability.
  • Various strategies are being developed to enhance Treg stability for immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding and enhancing Treg stability is vital for effective Treg-based immunotherapy.
  • Molecular insights into Treg stability can guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
  • Stabilizing human Treg holds promise for treating autoimmune diseases.