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Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks for Precision Agriculture: A Review.

Haider Mahmood Jawad1,2, Rosdiadee Nordin3, Sadik Kamel Gharghan4

  • 1Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia. haider_mahmood2003@yahoo.com.

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Summary

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offer valuable data for precision agriculture (PA), enabling efficient resource management and improved crop yields. This review explores WSN applications, communication protocols, and energy-saving techniques for sustainable farming.

Keywords:
WSNenergy harvestingenergy-efficientprecision agriculturewireless communication technology

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Computer Science
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Precision agriculture (PA) leverages information technology to enhance crop production and quality.
  • Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide extensive data crucial for effective PA strategies.
  • Integrating WSNs facilitates greener, more efficient agricultural practices by avoiding uniform management across diverse environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent applications of WSNs in agricultural research.
  • To classify and compare wireless communication protocols for agricultural WSNs.
  • To explore energy-efficient techniques and energy harvesting for WSNs in agricultural monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of WSN applications in agriculture.
  • Classification and comparative analysis of wireless communication protocols.
  • Taxonomy of energy-efficient and energy harvesting techniques for WSNs.
  • Comparison of existing research on agriculture-based WSNs.

Main Results:

  • WSNs offer significant potential for improving field management through optimized nutrient application and pest control.
  • Various wireless communication protocols suitable for agricultural WSNs were analyzed.
  • Energy-efficient techniques and energy harvesting methods for long-term WSN deployment were identified and discussed.
  • Challenges and limitations of WSNs in agriculture were explored.

Conclusions:

  • WSNs are instrumental in advancing precision agriculture by providing data for informed decision-making.
  • Energy efficiency and harvesting are critical for sustainable, long-term agricultural monitoring using WSNs.
  • These advancements pave the way for enhanced Internet of Things (IoT) data processing in agriculture.