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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Weak Localization and Antilocalization in Topological Materials with Impurity Spin-Orbit Interactions.

Weizhe Edward Liu1, Ewelina M Hankiewicz2, Dimitrie Culcer3

  • 1School of Physics and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Low-Energy ElectronicsTechnologies, UNSW Node, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia. weizhe.liu@unsw.edu.au.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Topological materials exhibit weak antilocalization due to extrinsic spin-orbit interactions, differing from conventional models. This study reveals density-dependent effects in topological insulators and a phase diagram for Weyl semimetals.

Keywords:
Weyl semimetaltopological insulatorweak antilocalization

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Topological materials are crucial in condensed matter physics due to unique electronic properties.
  • Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) plays a vital role, both intrinsically and extrinsically, influencing material behavior.
  • Extrinsic SOC from impurities is often overlooked but significantly impacts quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate weak localization and antilocalization in topological insulators and Weyl semimetals.
  • To analyze the combined effects of intrinsic and extrinsic spin-orbit interactions on electronic transport.
  • To clarify the role of extrinsic SOC in modifying conductivity and phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of Dirac fermions in topological insulators and Weyl semimetals.
  • Inclusion of both intrinsic and extrinsic spin-orbit coupling in calculations.
  • Development of a phase diagram for weak localization-antilocalization transitions.

Main Results:

  • Extrinsic SOC introduces linear terms in relaxation times and diffusion constants.
  • Topological insulators always show weak antilocalization, with density-dependent corrections.
  • A complete phase diagram for the weak localization-antilocalization transition in Weyl semimetals is established.

Conclusions:

  • Extrinsic SOC significantly modifies transport properties in topological materials.
  • Conventional models may not fully capture the physics of weak antilocalization in these systems.
  • The findings provide crucial insights for experimental design and interpretation in topological materials research.