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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration01:29

Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration

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The kidneys are vital organs responsible for regulating blood filtration, waste excretion, and fluid balance, all of which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Renal physiology examines renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and urine formation, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.Renal Blood FlowThe kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output, typically around 1200 mL of blood per minute in an average adult. Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal...
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Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

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The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Glomerular Filtration01:15

Glomerular Filtration

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The filtration membrane in the renal system is a highly specialized structure essential for filtering blood. It consists of glomerular capillaries and podocytes, forming a selective barrier that permits the passage of water and small solutes while restricting most plasma proteins and blood cells.
Components of the Filtration Membrane
The filtration process involves three key layers: the glomerular endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and the podocyte-formed filtration slits.
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Filtration and Urine Formation01:32

Filtration and Urine Formation

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The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
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An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

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STUDY OF GLOMERULAR FUNCTIONS IN NEONATES.

C G Wilson1, P K Sarkar2, Jps Mazumdar3

  • 1Professor & Head, Department of Paediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 40.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|August 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) improves with gestational age and is lower in preterm infants compared to full-term neonates. GFR shows significant improvement during the first two weeks of life, especially in preterm infants.

Keywords:
GFR preterm & term neonatesSerum creatinine

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal physiology
  • Pediatric nephrology
  • Renal function assessment

Background:

  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a key indicator of kidney function in neonates.
  • Premature infants often exhibit immature renal function compared to full-term neonates.
  • Understanding GFR development is crucial for managing neonatal kidney health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess and compare the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in preterm and full-term neonates.
  • To investigate the changes in GFR during the first two weeks of life.
  • To determine the relationship between gestational age and GFR in neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Endogenous creatinine clearance (CCr) was used to estimate GFR.
  • Preterm neonates were categorized into three groups based on gestational age (GA): 30-32, 33-34, and 35-36 weeks.
  • Full-term neonates served as controls, with measurements taken at birth, day seven, and day fourteen.

Main Results:

  • Serum creatinine levels were inversely proportional to gestational age and decreased significantly in both preterm and term neonates during the first two weeks.
  • GFR progressively improved in all groups, showing a direct proportionality to GA.
  • Preterm neonates, particularly those in earlier gestational age groups, had significantly lower GFR compared to full-term neonates.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal glomerular function matures significantly within the first two weeks of life.
  • Gestational age is a critical determinant of GFR in neonates.
  • Preterm infants demonstrate a delayed GFR maturation compared to their full-term counterparts, necessitating close monitoring.