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Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

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Published on: July 5, 2011

Posterior Shoulder Instability.

Alaina Brelin¹, Jonathan F Dickens

¹*Walter Reed National Military Medical Center †Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda MD.

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review

|August 5, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior shoulder instability is rare, often misdiagnosed, and affects athletes. Understanding its causes and risk factors is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management of this challenging condition.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Sports Medicine
Biomechanics

Background:

Posterior shoulder instability is an uncommon condition, representing about 10% of all shoulder instability cases.
It frequently affects athletes involved in contact or overhead sports due to repetitive microtrauma or blunt force.
The condition is often misdiagnosed or delayed in diagnosis due to its rarity and limited treatment knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the diagnostic challenges and clinical significance of posterior shoulder instability.
To review the typical mechanisms of injury and identify key risk factors for recurrent instability.
To emphasize the importance of understanding pathoanatomy and diagnostic modalities for effective management.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, and risk factors.
Analysis of clinical presentation and diagnostic approaches for posterior shoulder instability.
Synthesis of current knowledge on pathoanatomy and management strategies.

Main Results:

Posterior shoulder instability occurs in approximately 10% of patients with shoulder instability.
Acute traumatic posterior dislocations have a low incidence rate (1.1 per 100,000 person-years).
Identified risk factors include age under 40, seizure-induced dislocation, large reverse Hill-Sachs lesions, and glenoid retroversion.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis of posterior shoulder instability requires a thorough understanding of its pathoanatomy.
Early and correct diagnosis is essential to prevent delayed treatment and improve patient outcomes.
Knowledge of specific risk factors aids in identifying at-risk individuals and tailoring management strategies.