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Morphological Characteristics After Single Versus Recurrent Traumatic Posterior Shoulder Dislocation Events.

Hannah P Gibbs¹, Aidan M McQuade¹, Valentina Ramirez¹

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda Maryland, USA.

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

|June 22, 2026

Summary

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Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent posterior shoulder dislocations significantly increase posterior glenoid bone loss (pGBL). Early intervention may prevent further bone loss in high-demand patients.

Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Sports medicine
Radiology

Background:

Posterior shoulder dislocations are uncommon but pose challenges in active individuals.
Limited data exist on the bony consequences of initial and repeated posterior shoulder dislocations.

Purpose of the Study:

To measure posterior glenoid bone loss (pGBL), glenoid version, reverse Hill-Sachs lesions, and acromial morphology.
To compare these features between patients with single versus recurrent traumatic posterior shoulder dislocations.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 39 patients with traumatic posterior shoulder dislocations.
Morphological features assessed included pGBL, glenoid version, reverse Hill-Sachs lesions, and acromial morphology.
Statistical analysis compared single versus recurrent dislocation groups, with linear regression for pGBL and dislocation number.

Keywords:

military posterior glenoid bone loss shoulder instability

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Main Results:

Patients with recurrent dislocations had significantly greater mean pGBL compared to those with single dislocations across all measurement techniques (P < .05).
No significant differences were found in glenoid retroversion, reverse Hill-Sachs lesion dimensions, or acromial morphology between groups.
A weak positive correlation existed between the number of dislocations and the extent of pGBL (R² = 0.054).

Conclusions:

Mean pGBL after a first-time traumatic posterior dislocation is approximately 11%, increasing with recurrent events.
Progression of pGBL may reach levels associated with instability after soft tissue repair.
Early recognition and intervention are recommended for high-risk populations to mitigate pGBL progression.